

Soil Springs
Lateral

Fu-Lateral: Max. lateral soil resistance per unit length of pipe Δu-Lateral: Lateral displacement required to mobilise Fu-Lateral
Vertical Uplift

Fu-Uplift: Max. uplift soil resistance per unit length of pipe Δu-Uplift: Upward displacement required to mobilise Fu-Uplift
Vertical Bearing

Fu-Bearing: Max. vertical bearing soil resistance per unit length of pipe Δu-Bearing: Downward displacement required to mobilise Fu-Bearing